GeoJSON
GeoJSON is a widely used open standard format for encoding geographic data structures using JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). It allows for the representation of various spatial features—such as points, lines, and polygons—along with associated properties. GeoJSON is easy to read, lightweight, and compatible with many web mapping tools and APIs, making it a popular choice for sharing and visualizing geospatial data.
GeoJSON format
A GeoJSON file includes a FeatureCollection object that contains an array of Feature objects representing geographic features. Each Feature object includes a geometry property that defines the type of geometry and location of the feature, and a properties object that can contain additional information about the feature. You can store any number of properties in the Feature object, such as a name, description, or other metadata.
GeoJSON geometry types
GeoJSON supports several geometry types, which can be used to represent different kinds of geographic features. The main geometry primitives in GeoJSON are outlined in the table below.
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
Point | A single geographic point, defined by its coordinates. | |
LineString | A sequence of points that form a continuous line. | |
Polygon | A shape defined by a series of points that form a closed loop. | |
A polygon with a hole in it. | |
Outside of the geometries listed above, GeoJSON also supports multipart geometries, including MultiPoint, MultiLineString, and MultiPolygon. These are used to represent collections of the basic geometry types.
Example GeoJSON
Below is an example GeoJSON file that contains a FeatureCollection of Point feature objects representing metro stations in the greater Washington D.C area. Each feature has a Point geometry and properties such as description, marker-symbol, title, url, lines and address.
Below the example file is that same GeoJSON rendered to a map using Mapbox GL JS.
stations.geojson
{
"type": "FeatureCollection",
"features": [
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-76.9750541388,
38.8410857803
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Southern Ave",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Southern Ave",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=107",
"lines": [
"Green"
],
"address": "1411 Southern Avenue, Temple Hills, MD 20748"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-76.935256783,
38.9081784965
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Deanwood",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Deanwood",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=65",
"lines": [
"Orange"
],
"address": "4720 Minnesota Avenue NE, Washington, DC 20019"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-76.9281249818,
38.9786336339
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "College Park",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "College Park",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=79",
"lines": [
"Green"
],
"address": "4931 Calvert Road, College Park, MD 20740"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-76.9110575731,
39.0111458605
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Greenbelt",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Greenbelt",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=80",
"lines": [
"Green"
],
"address": "5717 Greenbelt Metro Drive, Greenbelt, MD 20740"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-76.9695766751,
38.9550401707
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "West Hyattsville",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "West Hyattsville",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=77",
"lines": [
"Green"
],
"address": "2700 Hamilton St., Hyattsville, MD 20782"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.113168835,
38.8821828738
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Ballston",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Ballston",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=99",
"lines": [
"Orange",
"Silver"
],
"address": "4230 Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22201"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.053667574,
38.8141436672
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Braddock Road",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Braddock Road",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=47",
"lines": [
"Blue",
"Yellow"
],
"address": "700 N. West St., Alexandria, VA 22301"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-76.8680747681,
38.8938349282
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Morgan Blvd",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Morgan Blvd",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=110",
"lines": [
"Blue",
"Silver"
],
"address": "300 Garrett Morgan Blvd., Landover, MD 20785"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.0628101291,
38.8846868585
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Arlington Cemetery",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Arlington Cemetery",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=42",
"lines": [
"Blue"
],
"address": "1000 North Memorial Drive, Arlington, VA 22211"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.0580425191,
38.9347628908
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Cleveland Park",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Cleveland Park",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=8",
"lines": [
"Red"
],
"address": "3599 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.1646273343,
39.1199273249
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Shady Grove",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Shady Grove",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=18",
"lines": [
"Red"
],
"address": "15903 Somerville Drive, Rockville, MD 20855"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-76.9953707387,
38.8629631168
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Anacostia",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Anacostia",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=85",
"lines": [
"Green"
],
"address": "1101 Howard Road SE, Washington, DC 20020"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-76.9770889014,
38.8867090898
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Stadium Armory",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Stadium Armory",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=63",
"lines": [
"Blue",
"Orange",
"Silver"
],
"address": "192 19th St. SE, Washington, DC 20003"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.1208179517,
39.0624676517
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Twinbrook",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Twinbrook",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=16",
"lines": [
"Red"
],
"address": "1600 Chapman Avenue, Rockville, MD 20852"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.0941291922,
38.9843936603
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Bethesda",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Bethesda",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=12",
"lines": [
"Red"
],
"address": "7450 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-76.9562627094,
38.8513013835
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Naylor Road",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Naylor Road",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=87",
"lines": [
"Green"
],
"address": "3101 Branch Avenue, Temple Hills, MD 20748"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.0051394199,
38.8850625009
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Capitol South",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Capitol South",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=59",
"lines": [
"Blue",
"Orange",
"Silver"
],
"address": "355 First Street SE, Washington, DC 20003"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-76.9467477336,
38.899191223
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Minnesota Avenue",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Minnesota Avenue",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=64",
"lines": [
"Orange"
],
"address": "4000 Minnesota Avenue NE, Washington, DC 20019"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.2271606721,
38.8836251359
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Dunn Loring",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Dunn Loring",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=102",
"lines": [
"Orange"
],
"address": "2700 Gallows Road, Vienna, VA 22180"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.1291115237,
38.799307672
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Van Dorn St",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Van Dorn St",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=94",
"lines": [
"Blue"
],
"address": "5690 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22310"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.0429165548,
39.0149542752
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Forest Glen",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Forest Glen",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=32",
"lines": [
"Red"
],
"address": "9730 Georgia Avenue, Forest Glen, MD 20910"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-76.9118081145,
38.8894658568
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Capitol Heights",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Capitol Heights",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=91",
"lines": [
"Blue",
"Silver"
],
"address": "133 Central Avenue, Capitol Heights, MD 20743"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.0969522905,
39.0000564843
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Medical Center",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Medical Center",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=13",
"lines": [
"Red"
],
"address": "8810 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.0336341721,
38.9013327968
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "McPherson Square",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "McPherson Square",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=36",
"lines": [
"Blue",
"Orange",
"Silver"
],
"address": "1400 I St. NW, Washington, DC 20005"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.234607,
38.921732
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Greensboro",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Greensboro",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=113",
"lines": [
"Silver"
],
"address": "8305 Leesburg Pike, Vienna, VA 22182"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.0502898097,
38.8579043204
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Crystal City",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Crystal City",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=45",
"lines": [
"Blue",
"Yellow"
],
"address": "1750 South Clark St., Arlington, VA 22202"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.0219117007,
38.9134768711
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Shaw",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Shaw",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=72",
"lines": [
"Green",
"Yellow"
],
"address": "1701 8th St. NW, Washington, DC 20001"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.0219143803,
38.9064368149
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Mt Vernon Sq",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Mt Vernon Sq",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=70",
"lines": [
"Green",
"Yellow"
],
"address": "700 M St. NW, Washington, DC 20001"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.021908484,
38.8848377279
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "L'Enfant Plaza",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "L'Enfant Plaza",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=82",
"lines": [
"Blue",
"Orange",
"Green",
"Silver",
"Yellow"
],
"address": "600 Maryland Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20024"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.0280662342,
38.888018702
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Smithsonian",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Smithsonian",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=54",
"lines": [
"Blue",
"Orange",
"Silver"
],
"address": "1200 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20004"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.0440422943,
38.8534163859
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "National Arpt",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "National Arpt",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=93",
"lines": [
"Blue",
"Yellow"
],
"address": "2400 S. Smith Blvd., Arlington, VA 22202"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.0274958929,
38.9170023992
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "U Street",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "U Street",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=73",
"lines": [
"Green",
"Yellow"
],
"address": "1240 U Street NW, Washington, DC 20009"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.0752057891,
38.7939158529
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Huntington",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Huntington",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=50",
"lines": [
"Yellow"
],
"address": "2501 Huntington Ave, Huntington, VA 22303"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.0219153904,
38.8983168097
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Gallery Place",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Gallery Place",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=21",
"lines": [
"Green",
"Yellow",
"Red"
],
"address": "630 H St. NW, Washington, DC 20001"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.0795873255,
38.9488514351
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Tenleytown",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Tenleytown",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=10",
"lines": [
"Red"
],
"address": "4501 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.0325521177,
38.9278379675
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Columbia Heights",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Columbia Heights",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=75",
"lines": [
"Green",
"Yellow"
],
"address": "3030 14th St. NW, Washington, DC 20009"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.112829859,
39.0481513573
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "White Flint",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "White Flint",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=15",
"lines": [
"Red"
],
"address": "5500 Marinelli Road, Rockville, MD 20852"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.023460904,
38.9374346301
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Georgia Avenue",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Georgia Avenue",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=76",
"lines": [
"Green",
"Yellow"
],
"address": "3700 Georgia Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-76.89410791,
38.8867478168
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Addison Road",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Addison Road",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=92",
"lines": [
"Blue",
"Silver"
],
"address": "100 Addison Road S., Capitol Heights, MD 20743"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.0280779971,
38.8983144732
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Metro Center",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Metro Center",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=1",
"lines": [
"Blue",
"Orange",
"Silver",
"Red"
],
"address": "607 13th St. NW, Washington, DC 20005"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.210295,
38.924432
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "McLean",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "McLean",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=111",
"lines": [
"Silver"
],
"address": "1824 Dolley Madison Boulevard, McLean, VA 22102"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-76.9945342851,
38.9332109913
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Brookland",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Brookland",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=27",
"lines": [
"Red"
],
"address": "801 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, DC 20017"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.0537156734,
38.8694627012
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Pentagon",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Pentagon",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=43",
"lines": [
"Blue",
"Yellow"
],
"address": "2 South Rotary Road, Arlington, VA 22202"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-76.9854953196,
38.8812632736
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Potomac Avenue",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Potomac Avenue",
"url": "http://www.wmata.com/rider_tools/pids/showpid.cfm?station_id=61",
"lines": [
"Blue",
"Orange",
"Silver"
],
"address": "700 14th Street SE, Washington, DC 20003"
}
},
{
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-77.0310178268,
38.9939493747
]
},
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {
"description": "Silver Spring",
"marker-symbol": "rail-metro",
"title": "Silver Spring",
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Working with GeoJSON
Mapbox web services and APIs serve geospatial data as GeoJSON and using GeoJSON is a to work with geospatial data is a core aspect of the Mapbox platform. You can use GeoJSON with Mapbox GL JS, Mapbox Maps SDKs, and other libraries to visualize and manipulate geospatial data on maps.
You can upload GeoJSON files to Mapbox as tilesets using Mapbox Tiling Service or as datasets. You can also upload GeoJSON files directly with Mapbox Studio as either datasets or tilesets.
You can also load GeoJSON data at runtime in using the addSource() method with a geojson source type.
Developers can also craft GeoJSON data programmatically by building custom APIs to return GeoJSON from a database for seamless integration with Mapbox tools.
Spatial analysis and transformation with Turf
turf.js is a JavaScript library for spatial analysis and transformation of GeoJSON data. It provides a wide range of functions for manipulating and analyzing GeoJSON, such as calculating distances, finding the intersection of two geometries, and performing spatial joins. Turf is a companion library for working with GeoJSON that many Mapbox developers use in their frontend applications. iOS developers can use the turf-swift library, and Android developers can use the mapbox-sdk-turf library.
The properties object and data driven styling
The properties object of a GeoJSON Feature can contain any number of key-value pairs, allowing you to store additional information about each feature. This flexibility makes GeoJSON suitable for a wide range of applications, from simple point data to complex datasets with multiple attributes. This additional information can also be used to style features on a map, unlocking data driven styling which allows you to change the appearance of features on the map (like size, color, and visibility) based on the values in the properties object.
See our examples for more of what you can do with expressions and data driven styling:
- Style circles with a data-driven property
- Create and style clusters
- Display HTML clusters with custom properties
- Create a heatmap layer
Converting to GeoJSON
There are several open source tools for converting other geospatial data formats to GeoJSON, including:
- togeojson, a Node package for converting KML and GPX (XML formats)
- ogr2ogr, a vector data conversion tool
- geojson.io, a Mapbox developer tool for creating, converting, and editing GeoJSON
Related resources
- GeoJSON specification
- Learn more about encoding geometry and winding order in our Vector Tiles Standards
- Studio Manual geospatial data page: information on uploading GeoJSON as tilesets or datasets
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